Gender Segments And Sex Groups During Childhood And Early...

Intro: Gender cleavage refers to the tendency for children of the same gender to self-segregate into two same-sex groups, male and female. This phenomenon appears to be a primary factor influencing social and cognitive development during childhood and early adolescence. The peer-reviewed article discussed in this paper focuses on gender cleavage in addition to age-related variances and sex differences during middle childhood. Peer-Review Article: The main point of the article is to analyze cross-sectional data from group preference surveys to determine sex and age-related differences in gender cleavage so that researchers can identify possible developmental aspects in gender cleavage for both boys and girls. Middle childhood gender cleavage studies based on the work of Moreno in 1953, are the foundation of this investigation. The article never clearly stated a hypothesis, but from reading the article, it is possible to make the assumption that researchers were interested in determining why children break up into same-sex groups during critical periods of childhood development and how gender and age play a role in this phenomenon (Smith et al., 2001). Data was collected from 299 students across three coeducational public schools in Australia in 2005. Children in grades 3-6 were the participants in this study. These schools were chosen because they represented diverse socioeconomic divisions, sizes, and school atmosphere and culture. Students were sampled by class groups; oneShow MoreRelatedDetermining The Origin Of Sexual Orientation944 Words   |  4 PagesDetermining the Origin of Sexual Orientation Since the United States Supreme Court ruled marriages of gay individuals to be legal in all states in June 2015, some segments of society, including individuals, business and churches, continue to discriminate against gay citizens. Many of these discriminatory opinions and actions are based on individual religious beliefs. Many people feel homosexuality is a choice of lifestyle, whereas others feel that biological factors determine a person’s sexual orientationRead MoreResearch Paper on Health5553 Words   |  23 Pagesin a world of men, by men, for men. Womens health issues have attained higher international visibility and renewed political commitment in recent decades. While targeted policies and programs have enabled women to lead healthier lives, significant gender-based health disparities remain in many countries. 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The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse...

The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Dance With Death In 1945 Kurt Vonnegut witnessed a horrific series of bombings that led to the destruction of the German city of Dresden, where he was taken as a prisoner of war. The controversial fire-storm raid, carried out by bombers of the Royal Air Force and US Air Force, took casualties of up to a quarter million people (Klinkowitz x-xi). As a prisoner of war, Vonnegut was forced to participate as a corpse miner in the citys cleanup process. Upon his return from the Second World War, Vonnegut decided to write a book describing his traumatic war experiences. After twenty years of struggling with research, failing to recall personal†¦show more content†¦Although drastic presentations such as space and time travel potentially hinder the plausibility of the storyline and detach the reader from the text, it is this exact element in Slaughterhouse Five that returns the reader back into the story, bringing closer the relationship between the reader and Vonnegut himself. In this sense, this ex perimental form of narrative creates another Chrono-Synclastic Infundibulum: a place in the novel where both the reader and the author coexist. With this new form of storytelling Vonnegut commits himself to a novel that could possibly fail. However he takes this risk in order to produce a novel that reflects his personal experiences more closely than if he had abided with conventional styles. By inserting the readers and himself into the novel, Vonnegut thus subjects the readers to his personal experiences more directly; the act of reading Slaughterhouse Five becomes a simulation of Vonneguts past in Dresden. While Slaughterhouse Five was a novel intended to reflect Vonneguts personal experiences in Dresden, the delivery of the storyline suggests that the novel is anything but an autobiography. Instead, with space and time travel placed into the novel-without any scientific explanation-Slaughterhouse Five reads like a

Business Group Learning Exercise

Question: Draw a table for Business Group Learning Exercise. Answer: Mission statement Advance Auto Parts Barnes Noble Estee Lauder Family Dollar Stores FedEx Ford Motor Company To fulfill the needs of personal vehicle owners and others showing enthusiasm to vehicle related products as well as knowledge at the correct price (Bryson, 2011). Yes No No No No No To operate the best specialty retail business in America despite of their products No Yes No No No No To bring the best products, people and ideas to everyone they are in touch Yes No Yes Yes No yes Provision of convenience and low to customers, provision of exceptional opportunities and rewards for associates achievement and the provision of outstanding returns for investors (Bryson 2011). Yes Yes To produce superior financial returns for shareowners through the provision of high values-added business, transportation, supply chain and related information (Ozdem, 2011). No No Yes No Yes To provide personal mobility for all the people around the world, being a global family No No yes No No Yes Corporate activities will be done with highest professional and ethical standards Yes To develop mutual and rewarding relationships with suppliers, employees and partners yes No yes yes yes yes Continuously bringing the styles and approaches of industry shades to the businesses that are steady with evolving their aspirations (Ozdem, 2011). Yes yes yes No No No

Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom

Introduction Teacher burnout is a significant problem that affects effective delivery of educational services to students. Although there are many factors that contribute to teacher burnout, emotional reactions that teachers experience in classroom is one of the factors that cause burnout and emotional enervation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disruptive behaviors of students in classroom elicit unpleasant emotional reactions in teachers when they make appraisals and thus contribute to burnout. Teachers usually strain to comprehend disruptive behaviors in an attempt to bring order and appraisal of disruptive behaviors is emotionally taxing leading to burnout. Therefore, disruptive behavior in classroom is the main factor that contributes to teacher burnout since appraisal reactions elicit unpleasant emotions that are emoti onally taxing. According to Chang (2009), the purpose of the study, â€Å"Teacher Emotion Management in the Classroom: Appraisal, Regulation, and Coping†, is to explore how novice teachers appraise disruptive behaviors of students in classroom and how unpleasant emotional responses contribute to burnout (p.11). The study further investigates how teachers can cope with unpleasant emotions by regulation them to alleviate emotional exhaustion and subsequent burnout. The hypothesis of the study is that, effective emotional regulation of unpleasant emotions can significantly alleviate burnout that emanates from disruptive behaviors of students in classroom. The problem statement of the study is very appropriate since literature review confirms that teacher burnout is the major problem that affects effective delivery of educational services to students. When teachers are in classroom, they experience varied disruptive behaviors that trigger appraisal and consequently unpleasant emo tions. The unpleasant emotions cause emotional strain that leads to teacher burnout and thus interfere with effective delivery of services by teachers. The problem of teacher burnout due to disruptive behavior is therefore plausible because it has its basis on personal experience and literature review.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The purpose of the study is very objective as it aims at identifying disruptive behaviors and experiences of novice teachers with a view of formulating appropriate interventions of regulating unpleasant emotions emanating from teachers’ appraisals and subsequently preventing emotional exhaustion and burnout. The hypothesis of the study is clear and consistent with the objective of the study, which states that effective management and regulation of unpleasant emotions can help alleviate impacts of disruptive classroom behaviors of student s and thus prevent burnout in teachers. Moreover, for clarity, the study defined operational terms such as emotional appraisal, burnout, coping, emotional exhaustion, and emotional regulation amongst others. Definitions of operational terms enable readers to understand varied concepts and scope of the study. Methodology Process The study utilized online survey by selecting 555 novice teachers, females, 437, and males, 113, from a region of Midwestern United States. The online surveys targeted novice teachers who had teaching experience of 1-5 years and employed email as means of inviting and administering questionnaires to 4500 teachers. Out of the 4500 teachers, 713 teachers were willing to participate but only 555 filled their questionnaires accurately and thus participated in the study. To examine thoroughly how disruptive behaviors contribute to teacher burnout, the study design focused on general measurement and context-specific measurement. Concerning general measurements, the study aimed at collecting data that depicts how teachers view unpleasant emotions, experience burnout, regulate motions, and efficacy of teaching. To obtain comprehensive data, the study employed scales such as emotional regulation questionnaire, sense of efficacy scale, and burnout scale in the administered questionnaires. Regarding context-specific measurement, participants identified and described a disruptive behavior that recently challenged them and further explained how they appraise and cope with unpleasant emotions.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, to measure specific variables, the study used emotional appraisal scale, discrete scale, and coping scale. Ultimately, the study utilized statistical design of structured and closed questionnaire to enhance collection and analysis of the data. Evaluation Se lection of 555 novice teachers was quite random thus eliminates selection bias that usually affect validity of research findings. Moreover, the survey targeted 4500 teachers using online surveys out of which 555 teachers qualified to participate in the study, hence signifies randomness in selection of participants. Furthermore, the online surveys are cost-effective and eliminate suggestive influence of interview on data collection. The study design that involved general and context-specific measurements is also appropriate because it focuses on both general views and recent personal experiences of novice teachers thus provide an in-depth focus of disruptive behaviors of students, appraisal tendencies of teachers, and regulation of unpleasant emotions. In the study, questionnaire was an integral component of the survey as it provided assessment of numerous variables and measurements using different scales such as emotional regulation scale, efficacy scale, appraisal scale, coping sca le, and discrete scale. Hence, different types of scales provided a broad perspective of collecting comprehensive data for analysis. Structured and closed form of questionnaires is appropriate in minimizing huge amount of data, which would otherwise be bulky if collected using other methods. Moreover, structured and closed questionnaire enhances statistical analysis of data and accurate determination of research findings. Results Process To analyze collected data effectively, the study employed technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine relationship of various variables collected in survey. Structural equation modeling is a set of statistical techniques, which test how different variables and constructs of the study relate to each other. Using structural equation modeling, the study analyzed data in four steps viz. screening of data, model identification, model testing, and model estimation. Subsequently, the study used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS ) to come up with various statistical analyses. Concerning presentation of the results, the study employed tables and figures in explaining research findings.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tables presented how different scales rank varied parameters such as emotional regulation, coping, appraising disruptive behaviors, unpleasant emotions, burnout and efficacy of teaching. The figures demonstrated how various variables such as disruptive behaviors, teachers’ appraisals, unpleasant emotions, and regulation of emotions interact in bringing about emotional exhaustion and burnout in teachers. Thus, SEM and SPSS analyzed collected data and the findings presented using tables and figures. Evaluation Since the study used two hypothetical models viz. unpleasant emotions regulation model and process of coping model, SEM technique of analyzing numerous variables and establishing their relationships was quite appropriate. Given that the study has numerous questionnaires, which are also detailed, preliminary analysis using multiple statistical techniques of SEM provides a basis of carrying further analysis and drawing reliable inferences from research findings. Moreove r, the ordinal nature of data collected required statistical analysis package of SPSS, which is quite accurate and reliable in carrying out various statistical analyses. SPSS is appropriate in analyzing both descriptive and inferential statistics with regard to multiple variables that affect burnout, for instance disruptive behaviors, appraisals, unpleasant emotions, and burnout. The study also employed tables and figures in presentation of the results to enhance clarity. The figures demonstrated how hypothesized models and numerous variables interact, resulting into burnout. Therefore, tables and figures enhanced presentation of the research findings for readers to comprehend. Discussion Process The research findings were consistent with earlier findings dealing with emotional management and burnout among teachers. Moreover, the study has also added significant contribution to growing body of research on teachers’ emotions and burnout. Since the study established that novice teachers experience unpleasant emotions after appraising disruptive behaviors of students, it has demonstrated that unpleasant emotions considerably contribute to burnout in teachers. In this context, the study suggests that, unpleasant emotions emanate from disruptive behaviors of students that strain teachers’ appraisals and lead to burnout. The study further asserts that effective regulation of emotions can cushion teachers from experiencing unpleasant emotions and consequently alleviate burnout and thus, it has formulated a model that demonstrates how disruptive behaviors, teachers’ appraisals, emotional regulation, and burnout interact. In addition to educational importance of the study, it has also made considerable contribution to appraisal theory in terms of enhanced unpleasant emotions on secondary appraisals and that appraisal of disruptive behaviors elicits significant unpleasant emotions that contribute to burnout and emotional exhaustion. The study conclu sively found out that emotional regulation of unpleasant emotions due to disruptive behaviors in classroom determines extent of burnout in teachers. Evaluation The study findings were quite valid because the study employed different models to elucidate relationships between different variables that contribute or mediate burnout in classroom. Research design, random selection of participants, use of comprehensive models, and statistical techniques has considerably enhanced internal validity and credibility of the findings. However, the study has low external validity that limits generalization of the findings because the participants were novice teachers who had experience of 1-5 years, hence did not represent teachers across all ranges of experience. Moreover, it is difficult to generalize the findings because the study occurred in one state; moreover, it targeted only participants who can access internet and there was low response rate of questionnaires. Thus, the study has more in ternal validity as compared to external validity, hence limits extrapolation of the findings. Reference Chang, M. (2009). Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom: Appraisals, Regulation, and Coping with Emotions. American Educational Research  Association, 1-122. This critical writing on Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

101 Diversity and Showing Professor Ramos Blog

101 Diversity and Showing Quick Write Quick Write Diversity: the condition of having or being composed of differing elements; especially the inclusion of different types of people (such as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization. How has diversity affected you? I take your point The concepts we will be studying about writing also pertain to oral conversations. The templates from Chapter 12 show how to frame a comment in response to a discussion or argument. How to change a topic as well as how to be clear when speaking and writing. Framing a Discussion We will have many different conversations in this class. Keep the idea of framing in mind to help you make your point clear and to help us understand your point. We need context to make a point. President Obama Commencement Speech at Howard University President Obama makes many points in this speech. Take a few minutes and write down the important points you think should be discussed. Types of Diversity Types of diversity, include, but are not limited to: race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, socioeconomic status, religion, and disability. Journals Journals are easy points to get, that are meant to help you in this class. If you do them, or attempt them, you earn the points. The first two journals asks that you answer some questions. We will continue to build on skills and incorporate them into the journals. Starting next week, you will be writing summaries of the readings. American Greatness Leaves of Grass  is Walt Whitman’s book of poetry, first published in 1855. He published six editions during his lifetime. He revised, expanded, and tinkered with the book to reflect the changes taking place in American culture and himself. The Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth have probably the fullest poetical nature. The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem (1009). Walt Whitman is the great visionary. He was the first person to say America is the greatest nation. Here is not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations (1010). What makes us great is that we are made up of immigrants. We are a growing and evolving nation. This is what makes us the greatest nation. . . . but the genius of the United States is not best or most in its executives or legislatures, not in its ambassadors or authors or colleges or churches or parlors, nor even in its newspapers or inventors . . . but always most in the common people (1010). He continues and argues that he could only write this because he is an American. Lyndon B. Johnson John F. Kennedy â€Å"They Say† Chapter 1 argues that good academic writing responds to what others are saying. What â€Å"They Say† is important to include in academic writing and is one way we can include the conversation when we write. The chapter includes templates for introducing standard views, implied or assumed and ongoing debates. Why do you think they start out the textbook with this chapter? Why is it important to start with â€Å"They Say†?

Black Holes Essays - Galaxies, Black Holes, Astrophysics

Black Holes Essays - Galaxies, Black Holes, Astrophysics Black Holes Table of Contents I. What are black holes? II. Where do they come from? III. Interesting facts about black holes. IV. How are they discovered? A. X-ray Emissions B. Exotic Energy Sources C. Star speeds D. Masers E. The Baseline Array F. Hubble Telescope G. Satellites V. Quasi-Stellar Relations VI. Locations A. M87 B. Milky Way C. Andromeda D. E. NGC 6240 F. A0620-00 What are black holes? Black holes are the remains of a massive star that has collapsed and shrunk to a tiny point in space. They have all of the gravity of the star concentrated into that point. Black holes are difficult to see because they cannot be seen. They cannot be seen because they are spinning faster than the speed of light and light cannot escape from them. They can be compared to a giant vacuum cleaner, they suck in anything that gets near them. Where do black holes come from? Black holes are formed when giant stars run out of fuel and are overwhelmed by their own gravity. When this happens they cannot keep from collapsing. After stars collapse, they start rotating and as they are spinning, their gravity becomes stronger causing them to shrink. As the object becomes smaller, it starts spinning faster and faster. Using a small black marble as an example of the size that Earth would become if it collapsed and became a black hole, Todd R. Lauer, of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories said, " Black holes are very messy eaters. If you took that marble to an 'all-you-can-eat buffet' allowing it to consume all the matter around it, the feeding frenzy would produce as much radiation as the Sun." Research indicates that black holes may have existed at the beginning of time. Black holes are so dense that not even light can escape. Looking towards a black hole, the stars behind it would appear out of place because black holes distort light. The immense gravitational pull of black holes is thought to be responsible for the swirling masses of stars in spiral galaxies throughout the universe. Gravity in a black hole should be able to pack stars in so tight that the intensity of the stars' light would drastically increase towards the center of gravity. Everything falling into a bla! ck hole loses its identity, you couldn't tell if it were a satellite or a T.V. set that fell in. Dr. Fred Chromey of Vassar College in New York said, " Black holes are the easiest way to explain some of the strange things that are going on in some of the galaxies." Research indicates that if a black hole formed, it would eventually evaporate but it would take millions of years. Earth's escape velocity, the speed it takes to escape the pull of gravity, is 11 kilometers per second. The escape velocity of a black hole is 300,000 kilometers per second, which is faster than the speed of light. If Earth's diameter shrank to less than 1 centimeter, the escape velocity would exceed the sped of light, the escape velocity of a black hole. Anything can become a black hole if you compress it enough. How are black holes located? Black holes technically can't be seen, but they give off many clues to their location. Signs of many black holes have been located during normal observation of other space objects. Abnormally high levels of X-rays and gamma rays are the most common clues, but other exotic energy sources are also good clues. Astronomers have also located black holes by studying the speeds of swirling galaxies. If large objects are moving at very high speeds astronomers usually try to track their orbits and try to locate a central object that could be the source of the gravity. Another clue to the location of black holes are masers. Masers are the cosmic relatives of lasers. They are water molecules orbiting black holes that capture and amplify radiation and send it back out into space. Masers are usually located in the accretion disk, the swirling cloud of gases above a black hole. Some masers have been clocked traveling over 650 miles per second. Many types of equipment are used to locate black holes. One type of equipment is called the Baseline Array. The

The Admissibility of Expert Witnesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Admissibility of Expert Witnesses - Essay Example The battle of dueling experts has become somewhat counterproductive, with the reputations and persuasiveness of the experts involved becoming more important than the objective evidence they can provide. It is now possible to join The Society of Expert Witnesses in the UK. The motto of the organization, quisque ad praestantiam nitens is, ironically, translated with a lack of expertise to "each towards excellence striving" - when "each striving towards excellence" is surely the correct wording in modern English. The Society was only founded in 1995, but the Latin motto shows that it is attempting to suggest that it is somehow an established part of the legal system rather than a relative newcomer. Of course brevity of existence is no judgment of quality, but the attempt to create the sense of history that does not exist perhaps is. The definition of an expert witness has gone through a long development. Formal education in a subject is not necessarily needed, as was established as early as R. v. Silverlock (1894), in which a solicitor who had studied handwriting for more than ten years was accepted as an expert even though he had no formal training in the subject. R. V. Robb (1991) established a similar principle and qualified it through saying that the finder of fact (Judge or Jury) should be the one that decides how much weight to give to it. Thus the degree of "expertise" (or otherwise) shown by the expert witness should be decided by the finder of fact. The Society gives a succinct description of both expert and expert witness on its welcome page on the Internet. While these are not formal definitions found within the law, they are at least a starting point for the consideration of contributors to the trial whose role is somewhat uncertain. There is no comprehensive definition of "expert witness", so the Society may well be a help in studying such: An expert is anyone with knowledge or experience of a particular field of discipline beyond what is expected of a layman. An expert witness is an expert who makes his or her knowledge available to a court (or other judicial or quasi-judicial body) to help it understand the issues of a case and reach a sound and just decision. 1 The definition of expert would seem to be extraordinarily broad, and would include large segments of the population within an increasingly specialized society. No mention is made of educational qualifications, let alone the graduate degrees that might be expected for one who calls herself an expert. The Society seems to be attempting to have as broad a definition as possible for "expert", which is logical as its first listed aim is to assist "members in running their expert witness business by any suitable means."2 The fact that being an expert witness can now become a full time source of self-employment may be starkly contrasted to the early days of expert witnesses in the early to mid Twentieth Century, when they were experts within their fields (often scientific or forensic in